New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern addresses members of the media during a joint news conference hosted with Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, following their annual Leaders' Meeting, at the Commonwealth Parliamentary Offices in Sydney, Australia, July 8, 2022. (LOREN ELLIOTT / REUTERS)

WELLINGTON/SYDNEY – New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern's sudden resignation on Thursday may have come as a shock to the rest of the world, but as her popularity waned domestically, some had questioned how long she would remain in power.

Her successor as Labor leader and prime minister faces a stern test in a general election in October, with support for the party falling and the country expected to fall into a recession next quarter.

A 1News-Kantar poll released in December had Labor at 33 percent, down from 40 percent at the start of 2022. That meant that even with traditional coalition partner the Green Party, polling at 9 percent, Labor could not hold a majority

Despite her high global profile, Ardern's Labor Party has slid in the polls, hurt by rising living costs, growing crime and concern about social issues.

A 1News-Kantar poll released in December had Labor at 33 percent, down from 40 percent at the start of 2022. That meant that even with traditional coalition partner the Green Party, polling at 9 percent, Labor could not hold a majority.

In addition, the party's previous tough COVID-19 rules, policies on water infrastructure, a move to tax methane emissions from cattle and sheep – hitting the country's dominant agricultural industry – and discussions around co-governance with Maori have sparked controversy.

ALSO READ: Candidates to replace Jacinda Ardern to start making their bids

"The fact is now she's a polarizing figure," said Grant Duncan, a professor at Massey University.

Ardern most likely stepped down to give the Labor Party a chance to refresh and reposition itself ahead of an election in October, experts said.

"There is a potential for a Labor leader to come in and kind of reset the Labor Party to a party that's focused on the issues that voters are focused on – cost of living, inflation and making sure that wage earners get more of their share of the wealth," said Josie Pagani, a former Labor candidate.

Conservatives buoyed

The conservative National Party may be buoyed by Ardern's resignation.

"Obviously this gives National an even stronger chance of winning this election," said Bryce Edwards, a research fellow at the school of government at Victoria University of Wellington.

Despite the prospect of a change in government, there was no reaction in the New Zealand dollar after Ardern's announcement to resign

"Jacinda Ardern was really Labor’s best weapon, best asset, but I also think that she was also someone who was increasingly putting off swing voters," he said.

The National Party has said it would repeal water infrastructure legislation that has become a lightning rod and is likely to soften rules on agricultural emissions to appease its traditional rural base.

"National is much more likely to be sympathetic to farmers and dairy producers," Duncan said.

READ MORE: NZ's Ardern leaves legacy of kindness, disappointments

Labor’s weak standing in the polls may discourage the party's best potential leaders from throwing their hats in the ring so soon before an election, which could worsen their chances at the ballot box.

"The kinds of folks who have leadership ambitions may wish to refrain from taking that up right now," said Eric Crampton, chief economist at The New Zealand Initiative, a think tank.

Under Ardern, New Zealand's views on everything from gun control to China have attracted outsized interest for such a small country.

Staving off recession

Ardern's successor inherits an economy gripped, like others around the world, by stubbornly high inflation and workforce shortages, particularly in a health sector that has been exhausted by the pressures of COVID-19. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand forecasts the country will be in recession when the country goes to the polls in October.

"The most substantial challenge over the next year will be trying to engineer some sort of soft landing out of all of that, and figure out ways of getting inflation back in line without killing everything," Crampton said.

ALSO READ: New Zealand PM Ardern says to step down next month

Despite the prospect of a change in government, there was no reaction in the New Zealand dollar after Ardern's announcement.

Jarrod Kerr, chief economist at Kiwibank, said her resignation would not move markets and he would not be revising his rate and currency forecasts.

"We're not Third World countries," he said. "The changes to whatever economic policy is likely to come from here is I think rather small."