BEIJING - China's gross domestic product grew 5 percent year-on-year in 2025, meeting the annual target of around 5 percent, official data showed Monday.

Industrial output

China's value-added industrial output expanded 5.9 percent year-on-year, according to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics.

In December alone, China's industrial output increased by 5.2 percent year-on-year, the data showed.

The industrial output is used to measure the activity of large enterprises, each with an annual main business turnover of at least 20 million yuan ($2.8 million).

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A breakdown of the data showed that the mining sector's value-added output increased by 5.6 percent year-on-year in 2025, while that of the manufacturing sector grew by 6.4 percent. The value-added output of the electricity, heat, gas, and water production and supply sectors rose by 2.3 percent.

Retail sales

On consumption, the country's retail sales of consumer goods, a major indicator of the country's consumption strength, climbed 3.7 percent year-on-year, according to the bureau's data.

The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 50.12 trillion yuan last year, said the bureau.

In December alone, the retail sales of consumer goods rose 0.9 percent year-on-year, the official data showed.

Service output

Monday's data also indicated that the country's value-added service output went up 5.4 percent year-on-year in 2025.

The value-added output of information transmission, software and IT service sectors increased 11.1 percent, while that of leasing and business services expanded 10.3 percent year-on-year.

The index gauging the country's service industry output rose 5 percent year-on-year in December, Kang Yi, head of the National Bureau of Statistics, told a press conference.

Disposable income 

Meanwhile, the country's per capita disposable income went up 5 percent year-on-year in nominal terms last year, standing at 43,377 yuan, the bureau pointed out.

Median per capita disposable income nationwide was 36,231 yuan in 2025, a nominal increase of 4.4 percent year-on-year.

The income growth of rural residents outpaced that of urban residents. Specifically, per capita disposable income in rural areas increased by 5.8 percent while urban per capita disposable income rose by 4.3 percent in nominal terms.

Fixed-asset investment

The country's fixed-asset investment went down 3.8 percent year-on-year in 2025 to 48.5 trillion yuan, said the bureau.

The decrease was mainly driven by weak real estate investment. Excluding the property sector, fixed-asset investment decreased 0.5 percent year-on-year in 2025, according to the burea's data.

Last year, investment in the manufacturing sector rose by 0.6 percent year-on-year, infrastructure investment decreased by 2.2 percent, while investment in real estate development declined by 17.2 percent.

Specifically, investment in the primary industry rose 2.3 percent year-on-year, that in the secondary industry rose 2.5 percent, and that in the tertiary industry fell 7.4 percent.

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Among high-tech industries, investment in information services grew by 28.4 percent year-on-year, while investment in aerospace vehicle and equipment manufacturing rose 16.9 percent.

In December 2025, investment in fixed assets declined 1.13 percent month-on-month, according to the bureau.

Housing market

China's housing market continued to soften as home prices in 70 large and medium-sized cities generally fell in December 2025 from the previous month, the official data showed.

In the four first-tier cities - Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen - prices of newly built homes edged down 0.3 percent month on month in December, while prices of second-hand homes slipped 0.9 percent, according to the bureau. Both declines were narrower than those recorded in the previous month, suggesting signs of stabilization.

Meanwhile, the pressure lingered in lower-tier cities. Among 31 second-tier cities, the average month-on-month price decline widened, while prices in 35 third-tier cities also continued their downward trajectory.

On a year-on-year basis, home prices in major cities across the country registered larger declines, the data showed.

Against this backdrop, Shanghai stood out as a rare bright spot. Prices of newly built homes in the city rose 0.2 percent last month from November and climbed 4.8 percent from a year earlier.

Urban unemployment

On the labor market, the surveyed urban unemployment rate in China stood at 5.2 percent in 2025, Monday's data showed.