A staff member disinfects a woman as she leaves a quarantine site after being released from medical observation. In Wuhan, central China's Hubei province, March 10, 2020. (LI HE / XINHUA)

The first large-scale national survey of the psychological impact of the novel coronavirus showed that young adults have experienced the highest level of stress－and women higher than men－while migrant workers are more affected than those in other occupations.

Doctors at the Shanghai Mental Health Center were the first to conduct such a survey since the outbreak, and a paper about the research was published in the General Psychiatry Journal on Friday.

Led by Qiu Jianyin, director of the department of psychological counseling and psychotherapy as well as the department of psychotherapy research at SMHC, the survey collected data between Jan 31 and Feb 10.

Female respondents showed significantly higher psychological stress than their male counterparts, while migrant workers experienced the highest level of stress among all workers, a national survey shows

The study received more than 52,000 valid responses from 36 provincial-level regions, as well as Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

It found that 35 percent of people experienced psychological stress. More than 5 percent reported severe stress.

According to the research, one's level of stress was associated with their gender, age, education, occupation and region. Female respondents showed significantly higher psychological stress than their male counterparts.

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People aged between 18 and 30 showed the highest level of stress. They are capable of obtaining large amounts of information from social media, which can easily trigger stress.

The elderly have also been psychologically impacted, since the epidemic is most likely to kill older patients.

Further, people with higher education tended to have more stress, possibly because of higher awareness of their health.

It is noteworthy that migrant workers experienced the highest level of stress among all workers. This may be due to concerns about virus exposure in public transportation when returning to their jobs, about work delays and loss of income as they have to remain isolated at home for 14 days once they arrive, and about job opportunities that may dry up before the cities they work in resume full operations, Qiu said.

The research also found that stress levels were influenced by the availability of local medical resources, efficiency of the regional public health system and prevention and control measures.

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For example, Shanghai is at high risk of carriers entering the city because of the large population of migrant workers, but the stress level is not spiking. This is probably because Shanghai has one of the best public health systems in China, according to the research.

As time passed, scientists observed significant decreases in the stress level, which they attributed partly to the effective prevention and control measures taken by the Chinese government, including the nationwide quarantine, medical support and resources, and effective measures to stop the spread of the virus.

Based on the research, psychologists suggested more attention be paid to vulnerable groups such as young adults and migrant workers.

Contact the writers at zhouwenting@chinadaily.com.cn