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Thursday, December 05, 2019, 15:27
NASA's probe near sun reveals surprises about solar wind
By Reuters
Thursday, December 05, 2019, 15:27 By Reuters

This image taken from video animation provided by NASA shows flips in the direction of the magnetic field embedded in the solar wind that flows out from the Sun, as detected by NASA's Parker Solar Probe's FIELDS instrument. (NASA / GODDARD / CIL VIA AP)

WASHINGTON - Troves of new data from a NASA probe's close encounters with the sun are giving scientists unique insight about the solar wind and space weather more generally as the spacecraft zooms through the outermost part of the star's atmosphere.

Researchers on Wednesday described the first published findings from the Parker Solar Probe, a spacecraft launched in 2018 to journey closer to the sun than any other human-made object. The findings, offering fresh details about how the sun spawns space weather, are reshaping astronomers' understanding of violent solar wind that can hamper satellites and electronics on Earth.

The findings from the Parker Solar Probe are reshaping astronomers' understanding of violent solar wind that can hamper satellites and electronics on Earth

"We were certainly hoping we'd see new phenomena and new processes when we got close to the sun - and we certainly did," Nicola Fox, director of the US space agency's heliophysics division, told reporters. "Some of the information that we found pretty much confirmed what we expected, but some of it is totally unexpected."

ALSO READ: NASA's Parker reaches nearest point to Sun

Earth is roughly 93 million miles from the sun. The probe ventured as close as 24 million km to the sun to gather the data used in the studies published in the journal Nature. The probe eventually will travel within about 6 million km from the sun's surface, seven times closer than any previous spacecraft.

AFP graphic on NASA's Parker Solar Probe, which has made some initial discoveries in its close-encounter exploration of the Sun.

The probe has endured extreme heat while flying through the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere, called the solar corona, that gives rise to solar wind - the hot, energized, charged particles that stream outward from the Sun and fill the solar system.

Oscillations in the speed of these charged particles beaming outward from the solar corona have previously been thought to dissipate gradually, much like the waves seen after plucking a guitar string fading from the middle.

One of the probe's "really big surprises," according to one of the researchers, was the detection of sudden, abrupt spikes in the speed of the solar wind that were so violent that the magnetic field flips itself around, a phenomenon called "switchbacks."

ALSO READ: NASA spacecraft sets record for closest approach to sun

"We're finding these discrete, powerful waves that wash over the spacecraft, kind of like rogue waves in an ocean," said Justin Kasper, a principal investigator whose team at the University of Michigan built a solar wind-sensing instrument on the Parker probe. "They carry a tremendous amount of energy."

"This will dramatically change our theories for how the corona and solar wind are being heated," Kasper added.


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