Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (right) shakes hands with his Republic of Korea counterpart Lee Nak-yon (left) during a meeting in Tokyo on Oct 24, 2019. (STR / JIJI PRESS / AFP)

SEOUL - Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the Republic of Korea (ROK) Prime Minister Lee Nak-yon agreed on Thursday on the need to cooperate on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) despite frigid bilateral ties, but Abe repeated that Seoul needed to keep its promises for relations to improve.

Ties between Tokyo and Seoul, two Asian allies of Washington, have deteriorated since ROK's top court last October ordered some Japanese firms to compensate ROK people forced to work in their wartime mines and factories.

Japan, which says the matter was settled by a 1965 treaty, calls the decision a violation of international law, and the feud has spilled over into trade and security matters.

Relations are currently in quite a severe state but should not be left that way. If South Korea can keep bilateral promises, that could be a chance to return to a healthy relationship.

Japanese PM Shinzo Abe quoted as saying in a statement issued by Japan's Foreign Ministry

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About 100 journalists were present at the start of the talks in Tokyo, the highest-level meeting between the two sides since the row flared. The meeting began with a handshake but no smiles.

Abe urged Seoul to keep its promises - a reference to the 1965 treaty - in order to restore relations, according to statement issued by Japan's foreign ministry.

"Our two nations are important neighbours for each other, and keeping in contact over North Korea, bilateral relations and our ties with the United States are quite important," Abe was quoted as telling Lee.

"Relations are currently in quite a severe state but should not be left that way. If South Korea can keep bilateral promises, that could be a chance to return to a healthy relationship," Abe added.

The DPRK is also referred to as North Korea, and the ROK as South Korea.

The statement also quotes Lee as saying he shared the view that dialogue was important, while a parallel statement from ROK's foreign ministry said Lee agreed relations should not be left in their current difficult state.

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In a sign that gaps remain wide, Lee told Abe that "South Korea has also respected and complied with the 1965 Treaty on Basic Relations and Claims, and will continue to do so," according to Seoul's statement.

Yonhap news agency said Lee, who was in Tokyo to attend Japanese Emperor Naruhito's enthronement ceremony this week, delivered to Abe a personal letter from ROK President Moon Jae-in in which Moon called for attempts to resolve the pending bilateral issues.

Moon and Abe have not held a summit in more than a year and the statements made no mention of any meeting planned between the two.

The animosity between Japan and ROK is linked to the history of Japan's 1910-45 colonization of the Korean Peninsula, the mobilization of forced labor at companies and women in wartime military brothels, and a row over the ownership of islets in the sea between the two nations.

Earlier this year, the dispute escalated when Japan tightened export controls on materials vital for ROK chipmakers. It then dropped Seoul from a list of countries eligible for fast-track exports, steps which ROK denounced.

In August, ROK announced it would scrap a military intelligence-sharing pact with Japan when it expires next month, just as the allies face rising tensions over DPRK's nuclear weapons program.